Interviews
Interview is a major technique in gatghering information used by qualitative researcher. the main purpose of interview is to find out how participants think or feel about something. another purpose is to provide a check on the researcher's observation.
Four Types of Interview;
* Structured
~ consist of series of questions designed to elicit specific answers from respondents.
* Semistructured
~ the technique and purpose more or less same with structured interview.
* Informal
~ informal interviews tend to resemble causal conversations, pursuing the interests of both researcher and respondent.
~ they do not involve any specific type or sequesnce of questions or any particular form of questioning.
* Retrospective
~ can be structured, semistructured or informal.
~ researchers try to get a respondent to recall and then reconstruct from memory something that has happened in the past.
Observation
Observation is one of favoured approaches ~ where more accurate indication of activities would probably be obtained by observing while discussions take place
There are four roles an observer can play in conducting study;
* ranging from complete participant
* to participant-as-observer
* to observer-as-participant
* to complete observer
Types of Observation Studies
1. Participation Observation
~ Researcher actually participates as an active member of the group in the situation he is observing but his identity is not known to any of the individuals being observed.
~ It can be overt; the researcher is easily can be identified and the subjects know they are being observed.
~ It also can be covert; the researcher disguises his or her identity and acts just like other participants.
2. Nonparticipant Observation
~ Observers are not directly involved in the situation but rather 'sit on the sidelines' and watch.
~ The subjects of researcher's observations may, or may not, realize they are being observed.
3. Naturalistic Observation
~ Involves observing individuals in natural settings.
~ Researcher simply observes and records what happens as things naturally occur.
4. Simulations
~ Researcher actually tells the subjects what to do (but not how to do it).
~ Two main types of role-playing simulations;
* individual role playing
* team role playing
Observation
Observation is one of favoured approaches ~ where more accurate indication of activities would probably be obtained by observing while discussions take place
There are four roles an observer can play in conducting study;
* ranging from complete participant
* to participant-as-observer
* to observer-as-participant
* to complete observer
Types of Observation Studies
1. Participation Observation
~ Researcher actually participates as an active member of the group in the situation he is observing but his identity is not known to any of the individuals being observed.
~ It can be overt; the researcher is easily can be identified and the subjects know they are being observed.
~ It also can be covert; the researcher disguises his or her identity and acts just like other participants.
2. Nonparticipant Observation
~ Observers are not directly involved in the situation but rather 'sit on the sidelines' and watch.
~ The subjects of researcher's observations may, or may not, realize they are being observed.
3. Naturalistic Observation
~ Involves observing individuals in natural settings.
~ Researcher simply observes and records what happens as things naturally occur.
4. Simulations
~ Researcher actually tells the subjects what to do (but not how to do it).
~ Two main types of role-playing simulations;
* individual role playing
* team role playing
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